Aim: A three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) study for measuring optimum elasticity using thickness and load data collected from elderly edentulous patients when feeling pressure-related pain. Materials and methods: Tested elasticity as in a previous report (“measured elasticity”) is measured using an able FEA (“optimum elasticity”). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained. Pearson's correlation coefficients were also determined for thickness (mm), measured elasticity, and optimum elasticity (MPa) in different experimental areas. Finally, the von Mises stresses and subsidence (mm) results of the FEA were tested using measured elasticity; those using optimum elasticity were measured with a two-way ANOVA. Results: Seventeen patients were studied. Optimum elasticity was significantly lower than measured elasticity (p < 0.05). Correlations were found in all three palatal areas (p < 0.01). A correlation between thickness and measured elasticity was found at the midpoint (p < 0.05) but not at the median or lateral sections. No correlation between thickness and optimum elasticity was found in any of the three palate areas. Finite-element analysis results using measured elasticity indicated no differences in von Mises stress at any site when compared with FEA results using optimum elasticity. Subsidence was significantly smaller (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is difficult to estimate elasticity using the thickness of denture-supporting tissue and necessary to optimize elasticity in all palatal areas when using an FEA. We established a method to measure elasticity. Clinical significance: If it were possible to optimize elasticity in a 3D FEA of maxillary denture-supporting tissue, it would become possible to design an optimal relief area through simulation. This would reduce the burden on the patient, such as the need for adjustment after wearing dentures, and improve quality of life.

Aim: To compare the condylar guidance angle obtained by extraoral Gothic arch tracing, protrusive interocclusal records (IORs), and orthopantomogram (OPG) in completely edentulous and dentulous subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 30 edentulous and 30 dentulous subjects were selected. Conventional steps in the fabrication of complete denture with balanced occlusion were carried out. Extraoral Gothic arch tracing records were obtained from each subject. Protrusive IORs were used to program the Hanau Wide-Vue semiadjustable articulator, to obtain the sagittal condylar guidance angle. The sagittal condylar guidance was determined in 60 subjects by protrusive IORs and facebow transfer. The sagittal outline of the articular eminence and glenoid fossa was traced in panoramic radiographs. The sagittal condylar path inclination was constructed by joining the heights of curvature in the glenoid fossa and the corresponding articular eminence. This was then related to the constructed Frankfurt horizontal plane to determine the radiographic angle of sagittal condylar guidance. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the sagittal condylar guidance values obtained using extraoral Gothic arch tracing and OPG method (p 0.0237) in edentulous subjects. Statistically significant values were obtained using protrusive records and OPG method (p 0.0237) in dentulous subjects. Conclusion: The use of OPG to set condylar guidance on the articulator should be taken into consideration for both dentulous and edentulous subjects. Clinical significance: In clinical practice, the use of IORs following Gothic arch tracing for the programming of semiadjustable articulator may be associated with manual errors. To minimize the errors and to obtain more accurate sagittal condylar guidance values, the use of OPG along with IORs should be considered for programming of the semiadjustable articulator.

Aim: Soft liners are temporary in nature as they harden in short time period and gradually lose their surface integrity and cushioning effect. There is a need to increase the longevity of the soft liner, so the present investigation was done in order to study the effect of surface treatment in increasing the longevity of soft liner, both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Materials and methods: For an in vitro study, specimens were prepared and divided into two equal groups. Group I (control group) specimens were lined with soft liner and left uncoated and group II (treated group) specimens were lined with soft liner and were coated by surface conditioning agent. For an in vivo study, 20 patients were selected and divided into two groups. Group I (control group) patients wore denture lined with uncoated soft liner, whereas group II (treated group) patients wore denture lined with soft liner and coated with surface conditioning agent. Soft liners lining the specimens and dentures were then examined for softness with a durometer and for surface integrity with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Results: Mean softness of the control group decreased significantly than the treated group, both in in vitro and in vivo conditions at the end of third week, but the decrease in softness was found to be more in in vivo condition than in vitro condition. Both in in vivo and in vitro conditions, SEM analysis showed that surface integrity in the control group had deteriorated by the end of first week, whereas that in the treated group remained intact until the end of the third week in in vitro condition and until the end of second week in in vivo condition. Conclusion: Our results suggest that surface coating can significantly reduce the loss of softness and surface integrity of the soft liners, and hence increases their longevity both in in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Background: Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the potential of hydrophilic implant surfaces to further stimulate osseointegration. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cell viability with the Hydro gel formulated from acemannan and curcuminoids coated on titanium disks. Materials and methods: Hydro gel formulated from acemannan and curcuminoids in different proportions were prepared and coated on the titanium disk and the bioactivity of Osteoblast cells (MG-63) was evaluated. The hydrogel was formulated in to 3 groups. Sample 1 (75% acemannan and 25% curcuminoid), sample 2 (50% acemannan and 50% curcuminoid) and sample 3 (25% acemannan and 75% curcuminoid). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to evaluate the cell viability. To exclude material's effect on the test and to see how the cells react during the assay, the MTT assay was also performed for the disks which were not seeded with the cell culture. Results: Curcumin and acemannan had good cell viability from day 1, but then, the viability decreased. Acemannan showed less than 10% inhibition at 10 ìg/mL when compared with curcumin and so acemannan in the formulation 10 ìg/mL can be used. Osteoblastic differentiation (OD) of sample 1 at the end of 24 hrs was 0.0837 and over all % of cell inhibition was 75.65;for sample 2 at the end of 24 hrs OD was 0.2402 and overall % cell inhibition was 57.67%; for sample 3 at the end of 24 hrs OD was 0.1643 and over all % of cell inhibition was 75.62%. Conclusion: Changes in concentration of hydrogel could not create any favourable condition for the proliferation of the cells, secondly the other condition was the use of cancerous cell line, turmeric previously showed to have tremendous effect on killing cancer cells which also might have contributed for the negative outcome of the result.

Discoloration of tooth can be extrinsic or intrinsic based on its etiology, site, appearance, and severity. It poses esthetic problem which could be a prime concern for many patients, especially in anterior region of teeth that may be compromised due to previous trauma, caries, or failed restorations. Bleaching is a more conservative approach which is noninvasive as compared with other prosthodontic options like crowns or veneers. Among various bleaching techniques, “Walking bleach technique” is preferred, as it provides better cosmetic outcome with limited side effects. However, some modifications of it were also introduced. This article aims at presenting a case series on walking bleach method performed on endodontically treated teeth showing good prognosis and superior esthetic results (with no reversal of tooth discoloration).

Retention is the ability of the prosthesis to resist the movement of denture away from the supporting tissues/teeth. Concern for removable partial denture (RPD) is retention when compared with other prosthesis. The use of attachment acts as a direct retainer, and how it provides retention without compromising esthetics as compared with the conventional RPD is the main goal of this report. This case report describes the use of Rhein 83 precision attachment in Kennedy's class 1 modification 1 situation.