Dimashkieh RM, Dimashkieh MR, Dimashkieh AM. Simplifying Direct Pattern Technique using Fiber Post. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):25-27.

Dimashkieh MR, Elagra MEI, Fernandez RAA. A Technique to facilitate the Conscientious Removal of Composite Resin Restoration. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):28-30.

The objective of the study is to evaluate some of the esthetic factors which will determine an attractive smile.

This study was conducted with 214 students, between the age of 18 and 25 years, from Dharwad SDM College of Dental Sciences with natural dentition and who fulfilled the required criteria; the frontal photograph was taken of each individuals with smile displaying upper anterior teeth as well as gingiva. Each student's smile was compared, analyzed, and evaluated. Differences between smile types were determined statistically with Z-proportionality test.

Five elements of smile were analyzed. The difference in smile type between men and women was statistically significant. Average smile was the most common with 48.13%, followed by high smile of 37.38%, and low smile was the least common with 14.49%. The downward curvature was the most common with 48.60% followed by straight curvature 42.88% and the lowest common was upward curvature with 8.88%. Straight curvature was the most common followed by parallel curvature and reverse curvature. Totally, 64.95% students showed lower lip touch of the maxillary teeth, and 22.43% showed lower lip not touching the teeth. And, 12.62% showed lower lip slightly covering teeth; 64.95% displayed till 2nd premolar; 32.24% displayed till the first molar; and 2.8% displayed till canine.

The average smile was the most common with downward curvature, straight maxillary incisal curve with the lower lip, maxillary anterior teeth not touching the lower lip, and a number of teeth displayed till the second premolar. Smile analysis must be assessed in association with the face in order to define esthetic rehabilitation of smile. It will give guidelines for restoration of esthetics in anterior.

Meshramkar RD, Agarwal R, Pillai LK, Nadiger RK. A Study to evaluate Some of the Esthetic Factors determining Attractive Smile. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):31-36.

To prepare removable dentures, border molding using an impression compound has been employed for a long time to obtain a denture border morphology harmonized with perioral muscle movement. However, border molding using impression compound is performed following practitioner's empirical rule. The objective of this study is to clarify the optimum softening conditions of impression compound for border molding, for which we measured the pressure assumed to be loaded on impression compound during border molding.

The pressure assumed to be loaded on an impression compound during border molding was measured using a tongue pressure-measuring device. Based on the measured pressure, appropriate softening conditions were investigated (softening temperature and water immersion time) for three types of impression compound: Red (Impression com- pound Red, Kerr, USA), green (Peri Compound, GC, Japan), and pink (Iso Compound, GC, Japan).

The measured pressure was significantly different between those in the oral vestibule in the lower anterior tooth region during tugging the mouth corner, and in the gingivobuccal fold of the lower first molar during large mouth opening. Regarding the impression compound softening condition, red was deformed by all measured muscle pressures after immersion in 60°C water for 30 seconds and 65°C water for 20, 25, and 30 seconds. Green was deformed by all measured muscle pressures after immersion in 60°C water for 30 seconds, and 65°C water for 25 and 30 seconds. In contrast, pink was deformed by all measured muscle pressures after immersion in 55°C water for 25 and 30 seconds.

It was clarified that for border molding, muscle pressures of all regions during the functional movements can be registered using red and green softened by immersion in 60°C water for 30 seconds and pink softened by immersion for 20 seconds.

Takano T, Kugimiya Y, Koike T, Ueda T, Sakurai K. Softening Condition of Impression Compound for Border molding of Removable Dentures. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):37-42.

Shambharkar VI, Kadoo P, Raut A, Sonare SR. Esthetic Outcome of Emergence Profile in a Single Tooth Implant Restoration. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):43-46.

Raina SA, Khode P, Warhadpande MM. Conservative Approach for replacing missing Tooth using Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):47-49.