The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the microleakage of three different self-etch adhesives with ethanol, acetone and water as solvents.

Standardized class V cavities were prepared on both facial and lingual surfaces of 60 caries-free human premolar teeth. The teeth were divided in three groups and different self-etch adhesives (OptiBond All in One, Tetric N Self-Etch, Adper Easy One) were applied according to manufacturer's instructions. The samples were then restored with composite and subjected to thermocycling. Later, the teeth were stained with methylene blue, sectioned and measured for microleakage under stereomicroscope.

This study showed that at the occlusal margin and gingival margins, the preparations treated with OptiBond all in one showed significantly less leakage than the other groups. Enamel margins provided better marginal sealing than dentin/cementum margins.

The study demonstrated that OptiBond All in One bond had a better sealing ability at both occlusal and gingival margins compared with the other adhesives used.

Microleakage, Self-etch adhesives, Solvents.

Singh SV, Bogra P, Gupta S, Kocchar J. An in vitro Evaluation of Microleakage of Three Different Self- Etch Adhesives with Ethanol, Acetone and Water as Solvents. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):83-87.

Shortwave diathermy causes increase in temperature from deep inside the body, results in upregulation of metabolism, and has analgesic effects. In this study, we explored the potential application of shortwave diathermy in the maxillofacial region by monitoring internal and external temperature changes, changes in blood flow, and resting saliva secretion under shortwave diathermy for subjects with and without dental metal restorations (MR) to confirm the safety and the limitation of shortwave diathermy for dental medicine.

Twenty young healthy subjects were recruited (10 subjects with MR and 10 subjects without MR). Shortwave exposure was achieved with condenser-type probes placed on the bilateral mandibular angles, and the intraoral temperature was monitored. For functional analysis, unstimulated whole saliva before and after exposure was collected. The temperature and blood flow distributions of the exposed areas were then monitored by thermography and twodimensional (2D) laser Doppler flowmetry.

Shortwave exposure for 20 minutes induced significant temperature increases in all groups (p ≤ 0.05). The subjects reported no discomfort. When subjects without MR held gold or titanium crowns in their mouths, the thermal effect by shortwave diathermy was reduced. Resting saliva upon exposure only increased significantly in metal-free subjects, and amylase concentration was also increased, but the level of the salivary stress biomarker chromogranin A was unchanged. Furthermore, thermography showed that shortwave diathermy significantly increased the surface temperature for cheek skin and the buccal mucosa; however, this increase failed to elevate surface blood flow.

Shortwave diathermy induces temperature increases in the maxillofacial region. MR did not cause excessive heating, on the contrary, reduce the thermal effect of shortwave radiation. The temperature rise maintains upregulation in salivary function, which could be utilized safely in dental medicine.

Mukai C, Nakamoto T, Kondo Y, Masaki C, Ohta A, Hosokawa R. Clinical Evaluation of Dental Metal Hazards and Therapeutic Effects of Shortwave Diathermy in Dental Medicine. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3): 88-95.

The desirable properties of a luting agent used for implant prostheses are adequate tensile strength for retention and at the same time render the crowns to be retrievable. No studies have reported a comparison of the retention of implant crowns luted with zinc phosphate and polymeric cements. Studying the retentive abilities of these cements utilizing varying sizes of implant abutments may provide new insights into their clinical behaviors.

To compare the retentive abilities of two luting agents, using them to lute crowns on implant abutments of different diameters.

Two implants (3.7 and 6.0 mm diameter) were embedded in a resin block. Straight abutments of corresponding diameters were screwed into the implants. The height of abutments was kept equal for both abutments (8 mm). Seven copings were fabricated for each abutment. Groups 1 and 2 copings (14 copings) were tested for both luting agents; zinc phosphate and polymeric cement using a universal testing machine.

For the abutment diameters tested, the retentive values of zinc phosphate was significantly greater than polymeric implant cement. For the broad abutment, zinc phosphate was significantly more retentive than polymeric implant cement. For the narrow abutment, retentive values of zinc phosphate and polymeric implant cement were almost similar.

The retentive values of zinc phosphate were significantly greater than polymeric implant cement. For broad abutment, zinc phosphate was more retentive whereas for narrow abutment, retentive values were almost similar.

Matani JD, Parulekar N, Kheur M, Jambhekar S, Supriya MK. Retention of Metal Crowns Luted to Implant Abutments of Two Different Diameters using Different Luting Agents. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):96-100.

Jain AR, Philip JM, Ariga P. Attachment-retained Unilateral Distal Extension (Kennedy's Class II Modification I) Cast Partial Denture. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):101-107.

Vanitha R, Ramkumar K, Rajtilak G, Rajasekar V. Designing a Nasal Prosthesis using CAD-RP Technology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):108-112.

Meshramkar R, Lekha K, Nadiger R. Tooth Wear, Etiology, Diagnosis and Its Management in Elderly: A Literature Review. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3): 113-116.

Rajtilak G, Deepa S, Rajasekar V, Vanitha R. Anterior Teeth and Smile Designing: A Prospective View. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):117-127.