Aim and objective: This study aimed to evaluate the color stability, translucency, and wettability of a lithium disilicate dental ceramic. Materials and methods: Forty specimens (6 × 1 mm) of lithium disilicate dental ceramic were fabricated. Initial color and translucency readings were measured using a spectrophotometer. Then, the specimens were randomly separated into four groups (n = 10), according to the different types of surface treatment (control: control group; HF + S: hydrofluoric acid gel and silane; Al + HF + S: Al₂O₃, hydrofluoric acid gel, and silane; Al + S: Al₂O₃ and silane) and new color and translucency readings were done. The wettability was analyzed using the sessile drop method in all specimens, and the results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed higher color and translucency changes to the groups treated (HF + S, Al + HF + S, and Al + S), different (p < 0.05) from the control group, and without significance between them. All groups demonstrated different wettability (p < 0.05), lower for the control group. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the surface treatment can influence the color, translucency, and wettability of lithium disilicate dental ceramics.

Aim and objective: To compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients seeking complete denture treatment before rehabilitation with that of completely edentulous patients not seeking treatment using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) scale. Materials and methods: The study comprised two groups of completely edentulous patients with twenty patients in each group (group I and II). Group I patients comprised completely edentulous patients who sought treatment for their edentulous state. Their OHRQoL was assessed using the GOHAI scale before treatment and 3 months after treatment with complete dentures. Group II patients, on the other hand, comprised persons who were completely edentulous and have never sought treatment or used dentures. They filled the baseline GOHAI questionnaire only, following which oral health education was given to them. In addition to their OHRQoL assessment, their mental attitude toward treatment was also assessed for both groups of patients. Results: The study comprised a total of forty completely edentulous patients with an age range of 60–89 years and a mean age of 74.2 ± 8.3 years. A higher GOHAI-T mean score of 20.7 ± 3.9 was found among the non-denture wearers compared to 14.1 ± 1.8 observed in the complete denture wearers. However, a higher GOHAI-T mean score of 32.1 ± 1.1 was found among the complete-denture wearers 3 months after treatment with complete dentures compared to 20.7 ± 3.9 observed in the non-wearers at baseline. Conclusion: The OHRQoL of completely edentulous non-denture wearers was observed to be higher than that of the completely edentulous denture wearers before rehabilitation. However, following rehabilitation with complete dentures, the OHRQoL of complete denture wearers was significantly higher than that of non-denture wearers.

Aim and objective: To compare and correlate the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) with the length of fingers in different gender and ethnicity in the Nepalese population. Materials and methods: The study was done on 115 dental students in Kathmandu valley. The study included 41 male and 74 female samples among which 59 were Aryan and 56 were of Mongolian ethnicity. Measurement of VDO was done from the base of the nose to the base of the chin and measurement of finger length was done from the tip of the finger to the distal-most point closest to the metacarpophalangeal crease using a modified digital Vernier caliper. All the data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The VDO was positively correlated with all the fingers of the left and right hand with p values <0.05. The mean VDO of the male was 4.28 mm higher than that of the female. The mean VDO among Aryans was 2.43 mm lower than that of Mongolians. The highest correlation of VDO in Aryans and Mongolians was seen with the length of the thumb. This correlation was statistically significant with a p value < 0.05. Conclusion: The study showed that the VDO was positively correlated with the length of fingers. There was a positive association between the VDO and gender as well as ethnicity. A proportional relationship exists between VDO and the length of thumb irrespective of gender and ethnicity.

Aim and objective: Structural disorders due to an allergic reaction and water absorption of denture base materials have created a negative effect on the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the water sorption values of different base denture base materials [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyamide (PA)] which were kept at different immersion times. Materials and methods: Eighty-eight specimens shaped as a disk with dimensions of (50 mm in length × 0.5 mm in thickness) were used in this study. PMMA and PA denture base materials were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The control group was measured and recorded before immersing in solutions, the readings (m⁰) of each specimen were measured using an electronic balance, and data were recorded. Then, the specimens were immersed for 1, 7, 30, and 45 days (d). The water sorption values of each specimen were measured before and after desiccation. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for analyzing data. Results: The PMMA specimens showed the highest sorption values in distilled water at 30 days (0.30 ± 0.03 mg/mm²), while PA specimens showed the highest sorption values in the tea solution for 30 days (0.51 ± 0.06 mg/mm²). PA and PMMA denture base materials showed statistically significant values (p < 0.05) after 30 days of immersion in water. Conclusion: The sorption values of the PA materials were higher than those of the PMMA materials.

Aims and objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the biomechanical response of the bone, for the comparison of single vs double implants replacing the mandibular first molar via a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and methods: Three-dimensional FEA model was generated to compare the induced displacements and stresses as a result of various loading conditions on a mandibular first molar crown supported by a regular 4.2-mm–diameter implant and two 3.5 mm–diameter implants. For each implant design, the loading process 70 N, on three locations (vertical to the long axis) was done and generated von Mises equivalent stress, and resultant displacements were recorded. Results: For single implant design, the von Mises stress was found to be 173.61 MPa at the distobuccal cusp tip, whereas for Double-implants (3.5 mm-implants), the maximum stress of 145.12 MPa was found at the distobuccal cusp tip. Conclusion: The use of double-diameter implants may be mechanically advantageous in restoring single molars, as they enhance the mechanical properties of the implant system through the increased surface area, stronger resistance to component fracture, increased abutment stability, and enhanced emergence profile.

Aim and objective: The aim of this systematic review was to seek evidence and to find the favorable and unfavorable factors for the use of a minimum number of implants in complete arch rehabilitation. Materials and methods: A search of electronic database limited to English language articles was conducted using the following MeSH terms; “dental implant”, “tilted implant”, “axial implant”, “edentulous patient”, “edentulous maxilla”, and “edentulous mandible”, “implant supported dental prosthesis”, “immediate loading and immediate placement”. They were used alone or in combination. Thirty-three articles were selected for the final review which were all clinical studies with human participants and had a follow-up period of 1 year or more. In all the studies included in this review, a minimum of four implants were placed in each arch and one implant placed in each arch was angulated. Results: Of the 33 articles analyzed, 21 (63.63%) articles reported failure of implants. A total of 161 (1.56%) implants failed out of the 10,300 implants placed. In the 161 failed implants, 63 (39.13%) were axially placed implants and 63 (39.13%) were implants place at an angulation. The orientation of 60 (37.27%) implants was not mentioned. Conclusion: The survival rate of tilted implants at the implant and prosthetic levels is good. Tilted implants provide greater surface area for osseointegration, provide greater primary stability, reduce cantilever length, reduce bone resorption, and also reduce the need for bone grafting. The angulation of the implant which provided the most success was found to be 30°.

Aim: Designing and fabrication of a digital computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) implant abutment repositioning jig (IARJ) by using additive manufacturing. Background: The implant-supported fixed complete denture (ISFCD) is a predictable treatment option in the restoration of the edentulous arch situations. Advancements in CAD-CAM have improved the workflow efficiency in ISFCD fabrication. Technique: An implant abutment repositioning jig is used to ensure easy and accurate placement of angled multiunit abutments (MUAs). This report describes a technique, a digital workflow, and fabrication of IARJ. Conclusion: Use of digital technology in IARJ fabrication offers certain advantages such as an easy archiving STL file, fabrication for future maintenance or replacement of MUAs if needed.

Aim and objective: To fabricate an esthetic ocular prosthesis for enucleated patients with depressed orbital area. Background: Pediatric patients not wearing ocular prosthesis or wearing ill-fitting prosthesis may suffer from multiple adverse consequences that are grouped under postenucleation socket syndrome (PESS). Depressed periorbital area is one such consequence. Making an ocular prosthesis in conformity with such an orbit leads to an enophthalmic appearance. Making the artificial eye at the same position as the normal one leads to a staring appearance—both unacceptable esthetic outcomes. Technique: A technique is described for fabricating a color-matched silicone glove around the ocular prosthesis for such thus improving esthetics, without the need of surgical correction. Conclusion: A simple nonsurgical technique for achieving acceptable esthetics for enucleated patients having depressed orbital area due to PESS is described.

Prosthetic rehabilitation is done to restore esthetics, function, and improves the quality of life of the patient. Maxillofacial prosthesis is not only a complementary solution to surgery but also a real therapeutic possibility, which helps to restore the defects of large extent. The present case report presented a patient undergone maxillectomy, in which surgery had resulted in loss of intraoral structures, resulting in communication with the nasal fossae and projecting to the facial level by so-called extraoral mutilations. The patient was rehabilitated utilizing maxillofacial stage prosthesis with stages connected with magnets.