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VOLUME 13 , ISSUE 3 ( July-September, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Effect of Hard and Soft Occlusal Splints on Electromyographic Activity of Masseter and Anterior Temporalis in Patients with Moderate to Severe Occlusal Wear: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ruchi Goel, Veena Jain, Chanchal Gupta, Achal K Srivastava, Gunjan Pruthi

Keywords : Enamel wear, Muscle activity, Permissive splint, Postural rest position, Vertical dimension

Citation Information : Goel R, Jain V, Gupta C, Srivastava AK, Pruthi G. Effect of Hard and Soft Occlusal Splints on Electromyographic Activity of Masseter and Anterior Temporalis in Patients with Moderate to Severe Occlusal Wear: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2023; 13 (3):137-144.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1417

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 29-09-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Purpose: To compare the effect of hard and soft splints on muscle activity and self-reported clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe tooth wear at different intervals. Materials and methods: Participants within the age range of 18–45 years having moderate to severe wear of teeth were allocated into group IHS (n = 8) receiving hard splints and group IISS receiving soft splints. Electromyography (EMG) activity of masseter and anterior temporalis were recorded during postural rest position (PRP) and maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) at baseline (T0), 24 hours (T1), 4 weeks (T2) and at 8 weeks (T3) with and without splint. EMG activity of controls with no or minimal tooth wear was recorded only at baseline. Nonparametric tests were used for within-group and intergroup comparisons, followed by post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. Results: Baseline EMG activity was higher in experimental groups than that of controls, but the difference was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). At 24 hours, both the groups showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) EMG activity with the splint as compared to without the splint. Hard splints led to decreased muscle activity, while soft splints led to an increase at 4 and 8 weeks as compared to baseline EMG activity of controls, and the difference was nonsignificant except for anterior temporalis during MVC in group IHS. The intergroup comparison revealed insignificant differences at all time intervals (p > 0.05), while it was significant for anterior temporalis in MVC at 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Muscle activity varied with different materials of the splint and duration of use. Both splints helped in the adaptation of muscles to new vertical dimensions of occlusion at 8 weeks with lesser variation between with and without splint position. The effect of the splint was more pronounced on the activity of the anterior temporalis than the masseter muscle.

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